A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester Essay

A Taste of Honey was first performed in 1958. It was set in Manchester. Manchester at that time was an industrial town. There were lots of working class people like there is today as well as poverty. The play is about a mother and daughter relationship, Helen and Jo, their problems and their attempts to cope with life. The play is controversial because Helen is a semi-whore which at that time was maybe wasn’t unusual, but wasn’t acceptable. She is divorced and a single parent, according to statistics in 1958 1 in 100 marriages ends in divorce. It was difficult to get divorced and divorce was frowned upon. In the 1950’s single parents were a ‘tiny’ minority of the population because divorce at that time was uncommon. Helen had Jo at a young age. The community would of thought bad about Helen. Conversation between Helen is like verbal sparring. Helen is very self-centred. Jo becomes increasing central to action. Helen is a whore, she goes out for sex in return for money. She is thoughtless, poor and unromantic. We can tell this from act 1 scene 1 because she only thinks about herself, she is need of money and she doesn’t marry for romance, but for money. This shows she is poor and unromantic. Jo is argumentative, mature and responsible at times She is arrogant, she can get angry, she has feelings. Jo is also stubborn, poor, serious, negative, insecure and self-sufficient. The flat is in a poor condition. When Helen and Jo go in to the flat, Jo’s first impression is bad. She doesn’t like it. † well! this is the place† â€Å"and I don’t like it† This quotation shows us that she doesn’t like the flat. Helen says that â€Å"that’s all I can afford† This shows us that Helen is poor. They have to share the bathroom with the community (the people in the building). This takes away a source of privacy. It is very cold and has no heating. â€Å"God! it’s freezing† Helen and Jo have to share one bedroom and even worse they have to share one bed. This has effect on the audience, they surely know now that Helen is poor. This shows Helen and Jo don’t have there own space. The view out of the window is appalling. A slaughter house and gas works which Helen seems to think of it as a very good thing. She say’s â€Å"there’s a lovely view of the gasworks†, but Jo doesn’t approve of it. She say’s â€Å"It will smell in the summer†. â€Å"I wonder what it’ll be like here in the summer? It’ll smell†. Helen is just trying to make best of the situation. The window is in a poor state as well. It is giving out a cold draught. The light bulb has no shade, which Jo doesn’t approve of. She puts her scarf around it. Jo: â€Å"Can I have that chair Helen? I’ll put my scarf around it† Jo is trying to sort things out. There is a reversal in role. Helen say’s she will get one the next day, but there is no evidence that she does get it the next day. Jo is acting like a mother. She has to be independent as her mother doesn’t look after her. This shows us that Helen is short of money and also is not very domesticated and does not act like a typical mother. The flat is a total ruin. The stage directions have a big effect on the audience. There are right acts happening at all times, that gives the play a good atmosphere. The audience see that Helen and Jo are just so argumentative which shows real life. The lightning is dim and dark which causes tension in the audience. There is jazz music in the background which makes the play look all loud which is right because the play is loud most of the time due to the dislikes and arguments of Helen and Jo. Also jazz music was associated with working class and has black influences. This was a little suppressive. The characters in act 1 scene 1 Helen, Jo and Peter are always in close conversation. They are always on the right track when talking. The play is centred around conversation rather then action. This gives an everyday life feel to it. All three characters are argumentative as well. Jo and Helen mostly because as mother and daughter they are constantly arguing. Jo has a lot of dislikes; she is completely different. Helen doesn’t bother about anything, she gets money for sex and then wastes it on unnecessary things when really, she should be looking after her daughter Jo. Peter enters near the end of the scene. He is the man who Helen had previously left. He is a brash car salesman. He has come back for Helen which means he is after more sex and Helen is after more money. Peter has a dislike for Jo who is trying to ruin his relationship with Helen. Peter enters the scene as a typical salesman. He is smartly dressed and has a cigar in his mouth. He has come back for Helen, but unfortunately Jo turns him away. Peter acts all posh and rich after looking at the state of the flat and at the tenements, cemetery and slaughter house. Peter is offering to marry Helen, who is in turn is old enough to be his. We can tell this because it say’s in the book. There is a lot of conflict between Peter and Jo as she doesn’t want him interfering with her mother. There is a lot of conflict between Jo and Helen all throughout the scene for various reasons. Helen isn’t looking after Jo as she really should. The scene ends by Peter leaving and Helen and Jo talking properly about one thing which they haven’t done all through out act 1 scene 1. They have a typical mother and daughter chat in which Jo admits to being scared of the dark, but Helen comforts her by saying you shouldn’t be scared of the dark. A Taste of Honey is a typical kitchen and sink drama because there are poor surroundings. The everyday language is different. There are constant conflicts and arguments which causes tension and all the action takes place in one room. A Taste Of Honey surely doesn’t reflect real life.

Outsourcing and Negotiation in Project Management

The prevailing tendency of organizations is to concentrate on core activities and opt to outsource those activities which are considered to be noncore. 1) Discuss the concept of outsourcing, reason behind outsourcing and its challenges. Outsourcing is the act of one company contracting with another company to provide services that might otherwise be performed by in house employees. Often, the tasks that are outsourced could be performed by the company itself, but in many cases there are financial advantages that come from outsourcing.Many large companies now outsource jobs such as call centre services, email services and payroll. These jobs are handled by separate companies that specialize in each service. Outsourcing is therefore, the process of contracting an existing business function or process of an organization to another independent organization and ceasing to perform that function or process internally, instead, purchasing it as a service. Reasons for Outsourcing i. Cost redu ction/Cost Savings- outsourcing cuts costs such as labour costs, regulatory costs and training costs.Most companies that provide outsourcing services are able to do the work for considerably less money as they don't have to provide benefits to their workers and have fewer overhead expenses to worry about. ii. Focus on Core Business- companies are able to focus their money and resources more towards improving the core aspects of their business when outsourced. this allows the outsourcing company to build onto its core functions that keep the business running smoothly. iii. Access to more Knowledge, Talent and Experience- outsourcing means contracting to an organization that is more specialized in a particular area, e. . , payroll services. this means that the process that is outsourced will be performed in a more efficient and effective manner hence improved services. iv. Increased profits- due to the fact that some services or processes are outsourced at a cheaper cost, it means tha t the services/products a company offers will also be provided at an affordable price hence higher revenues. Cost savings and reduction also increases the profits. Challenges of Outsourcing i. Eliminates direct communication between a company and its clients especially in instances where customer service has been outsourced.This may prevent a company from building solid relationships with their customers which can lead to dissatisfaction. ii. The danger of not being able to control some aspects of a company which have been outsourced which can lead to delayed communication and project implementation. In turn, this can cause a company to become highly dependent on its outsource providers which can cause problems or complications should the outsource provider back out on the contract for one reason or another. iii. Any sensitive information is more vulnerable as there is reduced confidentiality and also the risk of leakage.Outsourcing means that some information needs to be shared wit h the outsource provider hence confidentiality is compromised. 2) Discuss the significance of negotiation and its approaches to achieve procurement objectives, factors influencing buyer negotiations, strengths and weaknesses of negotiation styles. Negotiation is dialogue between 2 or more people or parties intended to reach an understanding, resolve point of difference or gain advantage in outcome so as to satisfy various interests of the negotiating parties. It is therefore mutual discussion and arrangement of the terms of a transaction or agreement.It is a process where each party involved in negotiating tries to gain an advantage for themselves by the end of the process. Negotiation is intended to aim at compromise. Approaches to Negotiation i. Structural Approach Structural approaches consider negotiated outcomes to be a function of the characteristics or structural features that define each particular negotiation. These characteristics may include features such as the number of parties and issues involved and the composition or relative power of the competing parties.In this approach, there's an emphasis on the means parties bring to a negotiation. Power is thus the central determining factor in negotiation. In this view, the relative power of each negotiating party affects his/her ability to secure their individual goals. However, other factors such as negotiating skills can play a key role in shaping negotiated outcomes. Therefore, victory in negotiations does not always go to the party that is more powerful. Another limitation of structural approaches is their emphasis on taking positions.Negotiators should be aware that a blind attachment to winning from a negotiation regardless of the resulting satisfaction of other parties, can be a poor long term strategy if it means that the other side will lose its will or ability to maintain its side of the negotiated agreement. ii. Strategic Approach Here, the emphasis is on the role of ends (goals) in determin ing outcomes. Negotiators are viewed as rational decision makers with known alternatives who make choices guided by their calculation of which option will maximize their ends or gains.Actors choose from a choice set of possible actions in order to try and achieve desired outcomes. It's grounded in the belief that there is one best solution to every negotiation problem hence look for best solutions from all perspectives of a negotiation. iii. Behavioural Approach Behavioural approaches emphasize the role that negotiators' personalities or individual characteristics play in determining the course and outcome of negotiated agreements. It explains negotiations as interactions between personality types. It therefore, highlights human tendencies, emotions and skills.It may emphasize the role played by arts of persuasion, attitudes, trust, perception or misperception, individual motivation and personality in negotiated outcomes. iv. Integrative Approach Negotiations are viewed as interacti ons with win-win potential. It looks for ways of creating value so that there is more to share between parties as a result of negotiation. Uses objective criteria, looks to create conditions of mutual gain and emphasizes the importance of exchanging information between parties and group problem solving. It thus calls for participants to work jointly to create win-win solutions.It involves uncovering interests, generating options and searching for commonalities between parties. Objectives of Negotiation for Procurement 1. Obtain the quality specified- through negotiation, buyers and suppliers are able to reach a consensus on quality required for the products/services. 2. Obtain a fair and reasonable price. 3. Create a long term partnership with a highly qualified supplier- through negotiation, an organization is able to identify which supplier it best relates with hence creating a long term relationship. 4.To get the supplier to perform the contract on time- delivery date schedule fo r quantity and quality specified should be realistic. It's important that buyers negotiate delivery schedules which suppliers can realistically meet without endangering other requirements of the purchase. 5. To exert control over the manner in which the contract is performed- buyers need to negotiate for controls which will assure compliance with the quality, quantity, delivery and service terms of the contract. Factors Influencing Buyer Negotiations 1. Type of Buyer All buyers are not equal.Buyers have different acquisition objectives, growth and competitive pressures, availability of capital and the attendant costs, risk tolerance and adeptness at negotiating deals that will impact the amount they are willing to spend on procurement. 2. General Attractiveness of the Company Naturally, an asking price that is below market valuation will make a supplier more attractive. Also, an asking price that is in close proximity to a company's fair market valuation is also attractive. Therefor e, factors that make a supplier attractive include: †¢ Strong management A strong balance sheet †¢ High growth rate †¢ Leadership or dominance in the market Such factors will attract buyers since the supplier will be viewed as dependable or reliable. 3. Financial Parameters A buyer's financial parameters that determine what to be paid include: internal cash available for procurement and the amount they are willing to invest in a single procurement deal. 4. Relative Negotiation Skill and Bargaining Leverage of the Parties As a buyer, the amount of money you will pay will be influenced by your negotiation skills, bargaining leverage and time constraints.For example, if the products/services are required urgently, then you might not have enough time to bargain for a good deal. Ultimately, the greatest power possessed by both the buyer and seller is to walk away or end the negotiation process. 5. Buyer's Experience with Prior Suppliers The amount of money that a buyer is willing to pay is influenced by prior experience. If the buyer paid a high price in the past and the supplier failed to deliver, they will think long and hard before offering an overly generous price and vice versa. 6. Inherent Risk Factors and the Buyer's ToleranceRisk can be defined as the possibility of a bad outcome or the uncertainty of a desired outcome. Tolerance of risk is a buyer's willingness to accept and manage risks that can come about say due to a delayed or even failed delivery. When it comes to negotiation, the biggest risk is overpayment then the product/service procured does not meet the specifications or is not even delivered. 7. General Market and Economic Conditions Economic and market conditions strongly influence buyers. Favourable economic conditions means that buyers are willing to spend more; unfavourable economic conditions means that buyers will reduce on their spending.

My HR Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

My HR Plan - Assignment Example The compensation package of the company is fit to motivate the employees. The training program of the company is appropriate for training the new employees. The new employees of the company will be provided training so that they can understand the job requirements correct and act accordingly. Table of Contents Overview 4 Recruitment and Selection 8 Compensation and Benefits 9 Performance Management 10 Training Program 10 Ways of Training 11 12 Overview An HR plan is a systematic process of matching the interest of the employees with their talents and skills so that the long term goals of the organization can be met. An HR plan is critical for setting up a strategic plan of an organization as it will help to determine whether the organization will be able to achieve the goals in the future. This HR plan is a comprehensive plan which would help the organization to achieve its goals. The leadership of an organization must be able to successfully guide the employees in achieving the goal s. The HR manager must prepare an appropriate plan which would help the organization to achieve its goal (Asdorian, 1992). Therefore before setting up the HR plan the company needs to decide on type of plan it wants. There are three different types of plan, company level plan, developmental level plan and job level plan. The plan can be on national level, sartorial level and industrial level. These plans deal with the responsibilities of the human resource department in the respect of manpower planning are:- a) Assist the operating mangers to set objectives so that they can direct the employees properly. b) Collect the manpower data and then summarize it for preparation of a long term HR plan. c) Monitor the performance of the employees and see whether it is according to the HR plan. d) Provide research information for effective manpower planning. The basic objective of an HR manager is to ensure that the employees are able to maintain their lifestyles. The elements that should be k ept in mind while preparing the HR policy must include appropriate monetary allowance, housing allowance, education costs of the dependent and transportation allowance. Now in the context of the company Skypack Ltd which is an audio set manufacturing company based in USA has been chosen. The company is presently headquartered at New York. The company was established in the year 2000 by J. K. Packman. The company is indulged in the manufacturing and marketing of audio devices. However there are a many variants for the product. It mainly offers 4 categories 2.1 channels, 4.1 channel, 5.1 channel and large boxes of 10000 watt sound systems. Presently the company operates only within the US market and owns 35 exclusive retail outlets. However the company also proposes to expand into the international arena. The major competitors of the company are Altec lancing, Boss, Creative, Alesis, JBL and other local palyers. Within 10 years of its incorporation the company has been able to achieve a respectable position in the market. Currently the company holds 22% of the market share in context with audio devices. The company has also developed a core competency for itself in the form of wireless devices. All the audio sets of the company are wireless. Also the qualities of the products are according to the international standards. The reason behind such innovations is to remain with the current trends. In the context of work culture, the company has a

Using formative assessments as an educational leader Assignment

Using formative assessments as an educational leader - Assignment Example For success, students need to understand the goal of learning and the criteria for arriving at this goal. To ensure students understand who they are, the teacher could choose to use student work or classroom tests (Tuttle 2009). Observations test a students’ ability to learn and understand. It involves more than just a stroll in the classroom when students are undertaking a problem. It comes in hand in assisting teachers gather and record evidence to be used as evidence of student learning which is used as a tool for instructional planning. Questioning strategies when embedded in a lesson planning provides the teacher with significant insight into the degree of understanding of a student. Such questions are useful ion engaging students in classroom dialogue that expand their learning. According to Tuttle (2009), self and peer assessment creates a learning community in class. Student keep track of important information to help them in understanding important concepts learned in class. This does not only engage students but helps them know where they started gauge their progress in the learning process. Formative assessment thus provides information needed teaching and learning while it is actually in

Valuing People in Financial Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Valuing People in Financial Statements - Essay Example This is because their respective annual financial reports do not reflect the financial position of the customers to their business. This paper will discuss whether companies should have a financial value for their employees with reference to Mark Spencer’s annual report. Most businesses consider their customer base to be their most valuable asset. This is a myopic consideration since behind every satisfied customer there is a hard working staff who contributed to their satisfaction. This indicates that employees should be beyond the customers of the company since they are responsible for successful products and satisfied customers (Hart, 1995, p. 56). Therefore, the value of employees can be measured from the quality of the products that they are responsible for and, the level of customer’s satisfaction resulting from their efforts. Being of financial significance indicates that workers are assets to the company and the company has the responsibility to account for them . Companies consider their workers as expenses due to the salaries that they receive at the end of the month or the end of a given trading period. In this case, workers would appear in the right hand side of their balance sheet. However, this is not a valid reasoning since salaries or wages is a return or compensation for labor (Vygotsky, 1978). Labor has economic value to a business. This indicates that workers or the source of the labor also has economic value to the business. Indeed, workers are assets of a company due to the economic value of their efforts to the company. However, shareholders and other stakeholders of a company fail to consider the financial value of workers when evaluating a company. This evaluation does not give the actual position of the company since workers too have a financial significance to a company. According to Paul Herman the CEO of HIP investments, most companies fail to consider their workers as their assets. Layoffs are the main reason that quali fies workers to be expenses of a company. A company can increase its profit through various ways. The main method that companies use to increase their profit is reducing their cost of operation. Cost of operation includes fixed costs and expenses. In this case, fixed costs are costs that are incurred during the production process, and are invariable. On the other hand, expenses are cost incurred by the company due to factors that facilitate production or distribution of finished products. Layoff is considered as a method of increasing profits since it enable companies to cut down their expenses and hence their cost of operation. Laying-off workers has positive returns in the short term since economic downturns are not permanent (Kalb, 1993, p. 198). Economic downturns are followed by economic recoveries that force the companies to hire more employees to compensate for laid-off workers. In this process, the company spend money in hiring and training of new workers to compensate for t he laid off workers. Hiring new workers is critical to a company’s success. The abilities of a company to outsource for the best workers in a particular field determine the competence of its products in a given market (Ellen, 2009). This process has financial significance to the company since it is a form of investment. In addition, the company needs to train its employees in order to achieve

Power within Agencies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Power within Agencies - Research Paper Example In their pursuit of power, bureaucratic agencies seek assistance from interest groups. These interest groups also have their individual interests. In order to establish strong backing from various interest groups, administrative agencies resort to managing government programs, which are of interest to these supportive interest groups or constituencies. As such, agencies usually focus on controlling programs with strong backing from significant constituencies (Milakovich & Gordon, 2012). Governmental bodies (including agencies) actively participate in exercising power and decision-making process (Milakovich & Gordon, 2012). Institutions may perform as integrated bodies in pursuit of maximizing their influence on share of political benefits. Administrative agencies usually seek to balance off their capability and what they desire in order to achieve their programmatic welfare with the essentials for their survival. Agencies must have the capacity to study accurately and understand both long-term and short-term political predictions in order to maintain the balance (Milakovich & Gordon, 2012). In order to maintain power base within the government, administrative agencies must be able to maintain fundamental sources of bureaucratic power. First, the agencies must maintain proficiency in the area of specialization of their program accountabilities. They must also woo political support in order to retain influence within the

Exam questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exam questions - Coursework Example There are different types of financial systems without which simple transactions such as trading and investment are thought to be impossible. The financial systems in different societies include those that operate locally or regionally and those that control company transactions internationally(Mike & John, 2004). The financial system pull together, maintain and give a detailed report on economic transactions. Financial systems support the relationship between internal and external financial transactions and financial reporting. They also play a role in helping manage, plan and budget finances available. Financial systems play a role in the allocation and distribution of resources, mainly by directing household savings to the corporate sector and investments among firms. This allows the smooth flow of goods and services between households and firms. Well-structuredfinancial systems are necessary for economic and financial stability in a state of increased working capital. The lack of a financial lead to major changes because there would be no access to components such as credit, no monetary value for exchange of goods and services hence becoming a major barrier to economic transactions. Weak financial systems are inadequate and they create issues such as inflation and debts. They are also faced by the threat of fraudulent manipulation by malicious people and above all may lead to a serious financial crisis. A financial center is a market or city that meets the major part of the demand for financial services of both domestic and international market and it is a key component of a financial system. Most developed countries have a major financial center for example in Europe; London, Paris, Frankfurt in the United States the financial center is based in the New York. Such financial centers are facing competitions hence most of them are unstable(Berger & David, 1997). There is

Assessing non-parametric or t tests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assessing non-parametric or t tests - Essay Example Also the variance of the population is unknown and to be tested from the sample. Under study consists of small samples and meets other conditions which are suitable to be tested with the t-test (Siegle. D, 2014). In addition to it, if the quality of the product is to be checked and for example the product is a car; ability of cars to absorb accident, then it will be very difficult and costly to handle large sample data. Therefore t-test is the best option to test such type of parameters. Adding further, if any statistics follows t-distribution, t-test has to be applied. If there is a need to determine that is there any significant difference between the means of two groups, then t-test is used. Now-a-days the development in both the field of computer i.e. in the hardware and software is tremendously going upward (RO, 2014). In fact, there are many computer softwares available in the market which calculates the test statistics which also provide probability of parameters in which anybody is interested. Going through the inference statistics, one assumes that all the dependent variables fit in a normal distribution. Also probability of a particular outcome can be identifying if there is an existence of normal distribution. Basically the research article under study focused on the relationship marketing among the income level and the banks which were preferred by the customer. The research makes use of the f-test and the t- test. The use of t-test is made in order to find out the noteworthy difference among the demographic variables. Also in the study the customer awareness regarding relationship marketing, occupation, age, religion, gender of the customer has also been taken to find out the significant mean difference. It means that weather the person working in government organization, male or female, Muslim or Christian, young or aged customers, businessman or private sector customer have same level

Copenhagen Historical Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Copenhagen Historical Sciences - Essay Example 'Copenhagen' draws its inspiration form a much famous or we may say notorious historical incident that involves a meeting between the two patriarchs of quantum mechanics that is the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and his German protg Werner Heisenberg in 1941. Since then, this meeting had been a topic of intense debate, conjectures and surmises amongst the historians and scientists. Infact the recently released letters drafted by Niels Bohr have only added to the confusion and controversy associated with that brief collision of the two scientific luminaries at that momentous point of time. The incident in the play alludes to a critical period during the II World War when Denmark was invaded by the Nazis and was being retained as a protectorate state. Niels Bohr was a distinguished and immensely respected physicist of the times who decided to stay back in Copenhagen and was infact allowed by the Germans to continue to act as the director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics despite hi s Jewish origins. Werner Heisenberg, who was a German, came under the tutelage of Niels Bohr at more salubrious times in the mid 20s when he accepted a lectureship at the Institute. This lead to a series of ground breaking collaborations between the tow geniuses, that laid the foundations of the much famous Copenhagen interpretation. In March 1927, Heisenberg came out with his uncertainty principle that stated that it was impossible to determine the velocity and the exact position of a subatomic particle at the same time. Following this amazing revelation, Bohr enunciated his complimentarity principle in September 1927 that emphasized the dual nature of matter at the subatomic level and highlighted the simultaneous wavelike and particle like properties of matter. It is not a hidden secret that both the scientist parted ways and abandoned their friendly ties owing to the unpropitious political unfolding of the future that accentuated their ideological differences. Bohr being a half J ew was strongly averse to the tragic possibility of the Germans getting an atomic weapon while Heisenberg though not being an outright Nazi, was a self professed patriot who choose to support his nation in its scientific endeavors in those trying times. Both the scientists being aware of the possibilities inherent in the splitting of atom were not oblivious to its military implications. In 1941, Heisenberg came to see Bohr in the German occupied Copenhagen. What transpired between the two scientists in that short meeting is still an enigma. Whether Heisenberg wanted to eke out the details of the allied nuclear program from Bohr or whether he intended to solicit his support in preventing the development of A-bomb by both the sides is still open to conjectures. Frayn uses this incident as a literary context for his play and goes on to build an intense and enticing

Microeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Microeconomics - Assignment Example However with the reduction of trade barriers in the American market during the 1980’s, the luxury automobile market saw increased competition from European and Japanese automobile makers. In terms of a supply and demand analysis, it is likely that there would be increased variety in the market of luxury automobiles and an overall increase in the supply of vehicles. It stands to reason that there must be a reduction the in price of American luxury automobiles to help increase quantity demanded to meet the new market equilibrium or improvements must be made to reduce the costs of manufacturing vehicles so that company profits can remain the same with a lower unit volume sale. The same kind of situation has occurred in Europe, with an over-supply of vehicles. In Europe, the market appears to be flooded with automobiles now. The supply is high. In order to compete in this crowded market, companies will have to reduce their prices. Demand simply does not match the supply, therefore prices must be lowered. Europe has almost 300 car and engine plants, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (known as ACEA). Their collective capacity is thought to be about 27 million vehicles a year. Sales of new cars last year were just under 16 million and are expected to fall to as low as 14.5 million this year, according to Ford. The capacity was established when demand was high, before the recession. Because car manufacturing is so capital intensive it is harder than other industries to be flexible to economic downturns. Manufacturers are therefore more vulnerable. They will make cars based on information from a year earlier and scale up their factories to do so, when it turns out demand is not as high as they thought it was because people are scaling back their spending on things like cars, they will produce an over-supply. They will then

Keeping Marine Mammals in Captivity Essay Example for Free

Keeping Marine Mammals in Captivity Essay Problem (2 Points) Does captivity affect the overall health and behavior of marine mammals? Research (2 Points) Wild Animals Habitat: Open ocean Diet: Krill Behavior: Friendly Captivity Habitat: Tank of ocean water, replicated to appear like the ocean. Diet: Krill caught in the ocean, fed three times a day. Behavior: Friendly to other mammals within the tank. Hypothesis (4 Points) If we keep marine animals in captivity for over a year, then their health and behavior will be negatively impacted. Procedure (4 Points) 1. Set up area in both wild and captive areas for testing. 2. Choose the same marine mammal for both the wild and captive area to test. 3. Tag and assess health of the wild marine mammal. Asses the health of the  captive mammal. 4. Monitor mammals for a year. 5. Record their behavior with detail and accuracy. 6. Asses health and behavior of both mammals after one year. Analysis (4 Points) The animals in captivity appeared to be healthier and friendly to their tank mates. They were fed organic krill and were fed regularly, but were very nervous and slightly hostile to outside animals once they were exposed. The animals that were not in captivity fed on their own time but were not necessarily unhealthy. They were not hostile to other mammals and peacefully coexisted with other mammals in the ocean. Conclusion (2 Points) My results did not support my hypothesis. The mammals kept in captivity were healthier than the mammals in the wild, due to controlled setting, and regular nutritious diet. However their behavior was negatively impacted. They were nervous and somewhat hostile towards the wild mammals once exposed to the wild. Grammar/Spelling (2 Points) Once you complete designing your own experiment, check the assignment for directions on how to submit your final product to your instructor.

Emission Reduction Essay Example for Free

Emission Reduction Essay In every economic activity, both positive and negative implications compound such activities. The positive implications include employment increase, supply of goods and market, supply of public goods, environmental control above others. However, every economic activity is as well a compound of negative implications. These are called negative externalities. They include pollution, environmental degrading, increase in crime, and social evils above others. Emission reduction like any other negative externality calls for a very dynamic tools of control. Generally, the basic control of negative externalities by corporations in the economy is through the government taxation imposition. The government would impose a corporate tax levy which is substantially equivalent to the cost of the emission to the environment. Through such levy, the government uses passive methods of compensation to the community over such impacts of the emission. Through the tax levy, the cost of operation to the plant is increased. (Prencipe, Davies, Hoboday, 2003) Economically, taxation provides two cost related variables with which the plant should choose from. Firstly, through higher cost of production which may perhaps outweigh its level of market profits, the plant may be forced out in the market. This is because high tax levy is synonymous to an increase in the cost of production. With high cost of production the plant is at a competitive disadvantage in the highly competitive market. It may then opt to choose an alternative method of investment. (Prencipe, Davies, Hoboday, 2003) Elsewhere, such tax is a disincentive in the choice of production method. From the broad alternative of energy production e. g. use of electric turbines to generate power. Use of environmental friendly method would then call up such tax levied formerly. The basic purpose of higher taxes by the government towards negative externalities is to provide a disincentive in specific lines and methods of operation which are harmful to the environment. It is a tool for choosing alternative methods of production.

Quantitative And Qualitative Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology Essay

Quantitative And Qualitative Research Techniques And Procedures Psychology Essay The term research is usually used interchangeably with investigate, study, explore examine and make inquiries of a specific topic. In general terms, research can be defined as the gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. The Princeton University wordnetweb published some interesting definitions of research including: Attempt to find out in a systematically and scientific manner; Systematic investigation to establish facts inquire into or a search for knowledge; In the scientific and academic terms however, the common use of the team tends to refer to the definition of research in a scientific context where it is used to mean performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question. This scientific understanding and application of research assumes a research process which involves manipulation of the variables in general with exceptional of process that use case studies and pure observational science for which this generalization does not always hold true. Research methods are technique(s) for gathering data (Harding, 1986) and are generally dichotomized into being either quantitative or qualitative. It has been argued that methodology has been gendered (Oakley, 1998), with quantitative methods traditionally being associated with words such as positivism, scientific, objectivity, statistics and masculinity. In contrast, qualitative methods have generally been associated with interpretive, non-scientific, subjectivity and femininity. C. R. Kothari categories research methods into three main types depending on purpose, area of focus and research approach: i. Depending on its purpose, research is said to be exploratory research which is also divided into two subtypes of descriptive and analytical research. This type of research is purposed to and structured to identify new problems or relationships between phenomena. Thus, it is aimed at describing the state of affairs as it exists and it is usually done through survey to get new facts which are analyzed to find new connections: ii. Based on the focus and the result of the research process, we do find the Constructive research also known as applied research. This type of research is used to develop solutions to practical problem at hand. In this same category, there is Empirical research through which researchers tests the feasibility of a solution using observed data: iii. Based on the approach, research can also be categorized as qualitative or quantitative. This categorization is based on the research methods used. The choice between the two is based on the properties of the subject matter and or the objective of the research. (C. R. Kothari 2004). Those two are the most commonly used categorisations and form the main schools of thought in research. Although they are commonly used together in complex research processes, the merits of one of over the other hotly debated especially in the field of social science research. Due to the scope and space limitation, I do not intend to cover the entire field of scientific research. The reminder of this paper will therefore focus on the examination of these two methods in iii above Looking their key characteristics, date collection and analysis methods, and identifying the respective advantages and disadvantages, validity level and the discussing the contemporary usefulness on the two methods in the research process. Quantitative Research Techniques and Procedures Qualitative analysis is a process that is often the precursor to quantitative, statistical work; a process to make the tacit underpinnings of an issue explicit; a process you can use to deepen your understanding of complex social and human factors that cannot be understood with numbers; a process that helps you figure out what to count and what to measure (Kerlin, 1999, p. 1). Some of the common methods of carrying out quantitative research are surveys and observations. Surveys are commonly carried out either the respondent or the researcher filling in questionnaires. While observational research involves the research watching or observing various behaviors and patterns. Mary other different kinds of quantitative research methods are used besides the surveys and observations. More complicated forms of quantitative research are experimental research or mathematical modelling research (Peter J.P. Donnelly J.H, 2000). In the social sciences, quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of quantitative properties and phenomena and their relationships. The process will involve the development and use of the different mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena to measure empirical observation and mathematical expression that evidence the quantitative relationships. Although this research approach is commonly used in the social sciences such as psychology, sociology and anthropology, quantitative research mathematical sciences such as physics is also quantitative by definition, though this use of the term differs in context. In the social sciences, the term relates to empirical methods, originating in both philosophical positivism and the history of statistics, which contrast qualitative research methods. (http://en.wikipedia.org) One of the key characteristic of quantitative research is that it Involves analysis of data like numerical date, word, pictures and objects. (Miles Huberman (1994) Qualitative Research Techniques and Procedures Qualitative research is a generic term for investigative methodologies described as ethnographic, naturalistic, anthropological, field, or participant observer research. It emphasizes the importance of looking at variables in the natural setting in which they are found. Interaction between variables is important. Detailed data is gathered through open ended questions that provide direct quotations. The interviewer is an integral part of the investigation (Jacob, 1988). This differs from quantitative research which attempts to gather data by objective methods to provide information about relations, comparisons, and predictions and attempts to remove the investigator from the investigation (Smith, 1983). According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is a method of inquiry appropriated in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often needed, rather than large samples. According to Andrew (2007), qualitative research is used to denote approaches which are supported by a set of hypotheses concerning the way the social world functions. It deduces many of its basic principles from the perspective that there are fundamental differences between the science of human world and science of natural world and consequently needs to use distinctive methods. Here, attention is focused upon looking at the world through the eyes of studied objects and upon evolving concepts and theories which are grounded in the collecting data. So, qualitative research connected with own accounts of the individuals of their attitudes and behavior. The significance of qualitative research consists in setting stress on describing, understanding complex phenomena. It investigates, for instance, the relationships and patterns among factors or the context in which the activity happens. It is concentrated on understanding the full many-dimensional picture of the subject of investigatio n. Qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only hypotheses (informative guesses). Qualitative research is aimed at deepening our understanding about phenomenon, and will usually involve going beyond surface analysis of numbers and the statistics to the deeper meaning behind story being told by the numbers. It aims to gives the reasons and establishes causal relationships. It is often contrasted to quantitative research which focuses on the quantitative elements of phenomena. In practice however, the two methods are often used together to get to the bigger picture. Face-to-Face Interviews and Focus Groups The most common forms of qualitative research are face-to-face interviews and focus groups. Face-to-face interviews are just that: Meeting someone in person and discussing various issues. The informant or person you are interviewing may be an expert in a particular field (e.g. the editor of a newspaper) or they may be someone who is affected by the issues you are researching (e.g. someone who is HIV positive or who reads the media). Focus groups involve discussions with two or more participants. While questions for focus groups need to be prepared to guide and focus the discussions, the responses are often free-ranging, as the participants are encouraged to explore the issues at hand in an in-depth way. While focus groups and interviews will help you develop explanations for quantitative data, sometimes they can provide you with quantitative data themselves Basic Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Techniques Quantitative and qualitative research methods differ primarily in: their analytical objectives the types of questions they pose the types of data collection instruments they use the forms of data they produce the degree of flexibility built into study design The key difference between quantitative and qualitative methods is their flexibility. Generally, quantitative methods are fairly inflexible. With quantitative methods such as surveys and questionnaires, for example, researchers ask all participants identical questions in the same order. The response categories from which participants may choose are closed-ended or fixed. The advantage of this inflexibility is that it allows for meaningful comparison of responses across participants and study sites. However, it requires a thorough understanding of the important questions to ask, the best way to ask them, and the range of possible responses. Qualitative methods are typically more flexible that is, they allow greater spontaneity and adaptation of the interaction between the researcher and the study participant. For example, qualitative methods ask mostly open-ended questions that are not necessarily worded in exactly the same way with each participant. With open-ended questions, participants are free to respond in their own words, and these responses tend to be more complex than simply yes or no. In addition, with qualitative methods, the relationship between the researcher and the participant is often less formal than in quantitative research. Participants have the opportunity to respond more elaborately and in greater detail than is typically the case with quantitative methods. In turn, researchers have the opportunity to respond immediately to what participants say by tailoring subsequent questions to information the participant has provided. Merriam (1988) provided a basis for differentiating qualitative and quantitative research techniques based on their characteristics. Characteristics of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Point of Comparisons Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Focus of research Quality (nature, essence) Quantity (how much, how many) Philosophical roots Phenomenology, symbolic interaction Positivism, logical empiricism Associated phrases Fieldwork, ethnographic, naturalistic, grounded, subjective Experimental, empirical, statistical Goal of investigation Understanding, description, discovery, hypothesis generating Prediction, control, description, confirmation, hypothesis testing Design characteristics Flexible, evolving, emergent Predetermined, structured Setting Natural, familiar Unfamiliar, artificial Sample Small, non-random, theoretical Large, random, representative Data collection Researcher as primary instrument, interviews, observations Inanimate instruments (scales, tests, surveys, questionnaires, computers) Mode of analysis Inductive (by researcher) Deductive (by statistical methods) Findings Comprehensive, holistic, expansive Precise, narrow, reductionist However, there is a range of flexibility among methods used in both quantitative and qualitative research and that flexibility is not an indication of how scientifically rigorous a method is. Rather, the degree of flexibility reflects the kind of understanding of the problem that is being pursued using the method. Merits of Quantitative Analysis The use of surveys permit a researcher to study more variables at one time than is typically possible in laboratory or field experiments, whilst data can be collected about real world environments. The usefulness of a survey is that the information you get is standardized because each respondent the person who fills out the questionnaire is answering the exact same questions. Once you have enough responses to your questionnaire, you can then put the data together and analyze it in a way that answers your research question or what it is you want to know. Since case studies follow a structured format, different situations can be compared or analyzed comparatively. Case studies are typically short (often no more than 5 pages long) and usually only contain the essential information needed to present a situation and, if necessary, to describe and properly analyze a problem. Quantitative data can determine when students have achieved or failed a task, and they can provide national ranking, percentiles, and allow researchers to conduct comparison analyses. Nevertheless, they cannot provide the total picture of why a particular student has either succeeded or failed (Burnaford et al., 2001; Gall et al., 1996 and Mc Bride Schostak, 2000). In quantitative research, the researcher neither participates in nor influences what is being studied; thus, he/she examines the circumstances objectively. In some qualitative research, the researcher may play a more subjective role and participate by being immersed in his/her research. That is, the observer may be the teacher or the facilitator. This role is often the case with when action research, case studies, and focus groups are used in educational research. Advantages of surveys Good for comparative analysis. Can get lots of data in a relatively short space of time. Can be cost-effective (if you use the Internet, for example). Can take less time for respondents to complete (compared to an interview or focus group) Specific concrete example; Can help with problem solving; Are often interesting to read. Demerits of Quantitative Analysis A key weakness of quantitative analysis is that it is very difficult to realise insights relating to the causes of or processes involved in the phenomena measured. There are, in addition, several sources of bias such as the possibly self-selecting nature of respondents, the point in time when the survey is conducted and in the researcher him/herself through the design of the survey itself. It could be argued that the quantitative researcher is more precise, but the response would be that with people it is not possible to be so precise, people change and the social situation is too complex for numerical description. Quantitative research has a tendency to clarify where clarification is not appropriate. (Mc Bride Schostak, 2000, pp. 1-2) Disadvantages of Surveys Responses may not be specific. Questions may be misinterpreted. May not get as many responses as you need. Dont get full story. Can take time to develop; Depending on format, may need some level of good writing skills; Do not usually give broad overview of issue at hand. Merits of Qualitative Techniques The approaches of the qualitative research differ from the methods of the quantitative research. Quantitative methods have their aim in dividing into clearly defined parts, or variables. When we research an issue which we know how to quantify, for example, what can be quantified for sure, we may leave out the factors which are crucial to the real understanding of the phenomena under study (Andrew, 2007). Qualitative methods are helpful not only in giving rich explanations of complex phenomena, but in creating or evolving theories or conceptual bases, and in proposing hypotheses to clarify the phenomena. Besides, value of the qualitative research consists in validity of the information received; people are minutely interviewed so as the obtained data would be taken as correct and believable reports of their opinions and experiences. Its major disadvantage is that small group of interviewed individuals can not be taken as representative (Andrew, 2007). Case studies involve an attempt to describe relationships that exist in reality, very often in a single organization. Case studies may be positivist or interpretivist in nature, depending on the approach of the researcher, the data collected and the analytical techniques employed. Reality can be captured in greater detail by an observer-researcher, with the analysis of more variables than is typically possible in experimental and survey research. Another type of qualitative analysis is site visits. Site visits help you understand your research better; site visits (e.g. when you visit an organization, a manufacturing plant, a clinic or a housing project) are very useful and sometimes even necessary ways of gaining additional insight and making your theoretical information concrete in your mind. They allow you to observe what is going on, and to ask questions you may not have thought about. Qualitative research has a phenomenological focus that can provide an enriched and detailed description of the participants actions and/or viewpoints (Veronesi, 1997). Advantages of Face-to-Face Interviews Can allow for in-depth knowledge sharing; Helps to develop the bigger picture; Helps with analysis of results; Good for networking (e.g. you may be referred to other people to interview). Advantages of Focus Groups Good for community participation (grassroots input); Helpful in developing ideas and sharing latent, or hidden, knowledge spontaneously; Enables you to get information from a number of individuals simultaneously. Advantages of Site Visits and Observation Demerits of Qualitative Analysis Case studies can be considered weak as they are typically restricted to a single organization and it is difficult to generalize findings since it is hard to find similar cases with similar data that can be analyzed in a statistically meaningful way. Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Interviews Can be time consuming; May be difficult to arrange an interview time; Can be difficult to compare and analyze information. Disadvantages of Focus Groups Can be difficult to set up; Participants may need to be paid; Need to be sensitive to who the facilitator is; May need a translator; Sometimes difficult to organize and analyze information. Disadvantages of Site Visits and Observation Take time; Can be expensive (depending how far you need to travel); With observation in particular, you need to be careful how you interpret what you see. With site visits, you may want to make sure you have a guide so that you can ask questions However, the disadvantage of the quantitative as well as qualitative research is that they do not always underpin understanding of multi-dimensional pictures (Andrew, 2007).

Strategy Amidst Tactics Essay -- Military Science

World history has given people numerous amounts of lessons to learn from and has shown perfect examples of ideal decision making and terrible decision making. One outstanding detail is the fact that history has displayed that war is inevitable. Rationally, war seems as if it can be avoided, especially because it usually begins over disputes, ranging from territorial ones or over resources. However, war traces back to civilization, and a number of the most intellectual leaders in the world resorted to declaration of war to resolve matters of territorial gain, nationalism, resources, and a variety of other reasons. War therefore has been established as a fragment of life, with countries consistently developing their militaries and weapons. Consequently, a strong, successfully military is ideal with the threat of war always on the horizon. But what makes a military successful? War simply has no rules; there are no limitations on weapons or damage that can be done or how many people are to perish before it is all over, so what does every military need? â€Å"The suprerior fighter does not rely on his powerful punch or quick reflexes. Instead he creates a rhythm of the fight that suits him, advancing and retreating at a pace he sets†¦ He wins not with his fists but by controlling the ring† is a quotation that sheds light on the solution. The solution: strategy. For example, there have been moments in history in which a country should lose because they were outnumbered militarily or in terms of resources, but strategy allowed them to prevail as the victors. The United States is a country that has a successful military, but has also relied on a few consistent strategies during its establishment and development as a nation. Throughout America... ...rnes and John Daniel Hayes. The battle of Port Royal, S.C.: from the journal of John Sanford Barnes, October 8 to November 9, 1861. Kimmett, Larry, and Margaret Regis. U.S. submarines in World War II: an illustrated history. Seattle, Wash.: Navigator Pub., 1996. Mark Parillo, "The Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II," in Reevaluating Major Naval Combatants of World War II (New York, Greenwood Press, 1990), p. 64. Painter, David S. 2009. "The Marshall Plan and oil." Cold War History 9, no. 2: 159-175. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed April 20, 2012). Parillo, Mark P.. The Japanese merchant marine in World War II. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press, 1993. Rickard, J.. "Battle of Port Royal, 7 November 1861." Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_port_royal.html (accessed February 11, 2012).

Characteristics of Becker in the Film M :: Films Movies M Becker Essays

Characteristics of Becker in the Film M The character of Becker in the film "M" had many childlike qualities, which drew in his victims. These qualities that Becker possessed, he exploited to his own gain. The children immediately gave him their trust because of his ability to relate to them, and he knew that. But I really don't think this was really an alter ego, because he seemed to have these traits all the time. Inside he was really a sick man, to kill there has to be something wrong with him, epically to kill small children, and furthermore little girls. Becker knew how to dram them in. He bought them balloons, and whistled. He bought them fruit, and candy, and openly ate on the street with them. Something that was, "against the norm", for grownups to do. He chatted them up, and they even felt comfortable enough to call him uncle. Becker when confronted reverted back to childhood, acting like he didn't know right from wrong. The way he explained it he was like a kid in a candy store, the girls were tempting him, and the only thing he could do was snatch them up. They preserved his youth. This isn't an uncommon thing to do. Epically with mass murders, they have to make their victims feel comfortable enough to go with them. In the case of John Wayne Gasey, he preformed as a clown and acted like a perfectly nice gentleman when luring his victims. People trusted them, especially their victims, or they never would have been killed in the first place. The element of trust and relating with the prey is apparently crucial in gathering up victims. In the case of Hiltler, he had the whole of Germany under his spell, and that is how no one questioned his tactics. He was a very forceful speaker and people trusted him, and they believed in his ideas for a utopia. If no one trusted his, the war wouldn't have been as devastating and the jews would have left Germany far before they were ever marked as pariahs. Becker had to be trusted or his ploys would have never been carried out. He had to be crafty in his manner and nice enough to keep the children calm. So nobody would suspect what his motives were.

lieshod White Lies in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

White Lies in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his novella Heart of Darkness (1899), Joseph Conrad through his principal narrator, Marlow, reflects upon the evils of the human condition as he has experienced it in Africa and Europe. Seen from the perspective of Conrad's nameless, objective persona, the evils that Marlow encountered on the expedition to the "heart of darkness," Kurtz's Inner Station on the banks of the snake-like Congo River, fall into two categories: the petty misdemeanors and trivial lies that are common- place, and the greater evils -- the grotesque acts society attributes to madmen. That the first class of malefaction is connected to the second is illustrated in the downfall of the story's secondary protagonist, the tragically deluded and hubristic Mr. Kurtz. The European idealist, believing the lies of his Company and of the economic imperialism that supports it, is unprepared for the test of character that the Congo imposes, and succumbs to the potential for the diabolical latent within e very human consciousness. Although numerous critics (including Johanna M. Smith, Peter Hyland, Herbert Klein, and Garrett Stewart) have drawn attention to how Marlow's lie to the Intended informs the whole preceding text and how that culminating scene with the Intended is connected to Marlow's initial impression of Brussels as a whited sepulchre (how appropriate in light of Belgian King Leopold II's hypocritical defense of his private company's rapacious exploitation of the ludicrously- named Congo Free State!), few have until recently focussed on how the lie affects the reader's reaction to Marlow as the protagonist and narrator of Conrad's Congo tale. Answering questions which the dead man's Intended poses him reg... ... Rosmarin, Adena. "Darkening the Reader: Reader- Response Criticism and Heart of Darkness ." Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism , ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. Pp. 148-171. Smith, Johanna M. Smith. "'Too Beautiful Altogether': Patriarchal Ideology in Heart of Darkness ." Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism , ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. Pp. 179-198. Stewart, Garrett. "Lying as Dying in Heart of Darkness ." PMLA 95 (1980): 319- 331. Trilling, Lionel. " Huckleberry Finn ." The Liberal Imagination: Essays on Literature and Society . New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1950. Pp. 100-113. Wright, Walter F. "Ingress to The Heart of Darkness ." Romance and Tragedy in Joseph Conrad . New York: Russell and Russell, 1966. Pp. 143-160.

Henry James started life in a wealthy family Essay

His grandfather was one of the first American millionaires. James’ father was a theologian and his brother was a psychologist. In fact, his brother, William James, was the pioneer of psychoanalysis. Around the time that James wrote ‘The Turn of The Screw’ (1897), people began to think a lot more about the inner workings of the mind. James seems especially interested in what it is that attracts humans to one another and as to when sexuality begins to shape itself in a child. An example of this is shown in one of his early novels, ‘Watch and Ward’, in which a bachelor adopts a young girl with an intention to marry her. This is also shown in ‘The Turn of The Screw’, when Miles kisses the governess. The adversary of the governess, Peter Quint, has sexually abused Miles, continuing this psychological theme. Much of James’ work is centred on the innocence of the West and the corruption and wisdom of the East. When Henry James wrote ‘The Turn of The Screw’, I believe his intention was to create a gripping, thought-provoking piece of fiction to involve the reader. He wrote entirely through the governess’ eyes so that the book would involve the reader. There is also a prologue in which the reader is included in a circle of friends telling ghost stories to one another. One man proclaims that he knows of this story and then the narrative begins in earnest. This immediately tells the reader what to expect from the story and how to approach it. However, the practice of people sitting round an open fire and entertaining each other with ghost stories is, sadly, not common and, if it occurs at all, people tend to relate anecdotes rather than ghost stories. James has created a tense novel; he builds huge suspense by not immediately saying what is happening. He presents the story as a journal: the perceptions of the governess. This is slightly similar to ‘The Catcher In The Rye’ by J. D. Salinger. In this the main character (Holden Caulfield) pours out all his thoughts onto paper. The governess writes in a similar way, but it is subtler and more edited; James is trying to make the reader ‘live the book’. For instance, when the governess first realises that Miss Jessel is standing on the opposite side of the lake from her, James does not merely present this fact, but instead goes through all the ideas thoughts and observations of the governess in minute detail and keeps the reader in continued suspense until the revelation. Some people may have found this novel frightening in 1898 (its contemporary setting) but its setting is actually one of its downfalls in appealing to a modern audience. It is too near to real life to appeal or frighten. The modern horror audience’s taste has become increasingly extreme so that horror films and books are more fantastical. Even though they are increasingly unrealistic, this makes them more frightening and somehow involves the audience more. The basis of the Turn of The Screw is horror invading everyday life. There is a lot more exposure to horror in the present day, so this dampens the effect that this novel has on people now. People become cynical when they are over-exposed to something, such as advertising. Henry James wrote verbosely, using lots of imagery, which in most cases is profound. He uses many subordinate clauses, which can make it difficult to understand i. e. : This is written in the ‘voice’ of the governess (as a journal entry) and the choice of vocabulary shows us that she is well educated (as does the fact that she can write) but perhaps a bit nervous. It is as if she is getting hysterical just writing about the experience. This is perhaps because she is unfamiliar with the job and has never worked with children before. The old definition of hysteria was: â€Å"A nervous affection, occurring exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxysm or fits. † – Webster’s Dictionary This is a reminder of how women were seen and their (expected) role in society at the time the book was written. In relation to ‘The Turn of the Screw’ being a successful ghost story for a modern audience, it may be slightly outdated and perhaps ill-received in our post-feminist society. Women are no longer seen as people who should only look after domestic matters. However, it can break the ‘spell’ of the writing if you have to read a sentence twice to get the precise meaning of the writer’s idea. This can prevent people from getting involved in the story and if you are not involved, you are not enjoying the story. The imagery is open to interpretation but I believe that if you look at some of James’ imagery and can explain it with the first thought that enters your mind, you do not have James’ meaning. For instance, when Flora runs off to the lake to be with Miss Jessel and the governess and Mrs. Grose go to fetch her: The lake is a metaphor for Jessel’s evil influence and power. The governess is saying that she believes Flora can be saved because Jessel does not have complete control over her yet. The lake is also described as a â€Å"sheet of water† and a sheet can be used to hide things. Another use for a sheet which was more common in James’ time (the Victorian period) would be to cover unused furniture in one’s second home. The practice of covering all furniture is uncommon in our time. This is another factor to consider when questioning whether The Turn of the Screw is an effective ghost story for a modern audience. There are also many references to the title of the book in some imagery such as, in the same chapter, when Flora is sticking a mast in her toy boat. This again uses the governess’ non-description of the important part of the scene to build tension. Some of the imagery used still has relevance today. We are instilled with an inherent metaphoric belief that high is good and low is bad, as shown in the book with the varying positions of the governess and the spirits on the staircase. Also the metaphor ‘turning the screw’ is still an accepted term for increasing tension today. The language used may be difficult to understand for a modern audience and not many people can identify with the character, since there is not much to need for home tutors and guardians now. Parents generally have much more sociable working hours and prefer to spend the money on something more necessary. In addition, children are now required to go to school (unless they are one of the rare cases of those tutored at home. ) Many people will not personally know a governess, let alone be able to empathise with one. However, some people such as single parents (especially single mothers) may identify with feeling that sort of responsibility towards their children. The Turn of The Screw was effective in its contemporary setting. People were more superstitious at that time, because for many people life was hard, and they needed something to focus upon. More people believed in God, and for God to exist there has to be some evil in the world. There was also no entertainment except that which people made for themselves. Parlour games, telling stories or reading books were common leisure activities, since people could not just sit down in front of the television. Many of these stories were passed down from generation to generation and the most popular were ghost stories. We are fascinated with the supernatural and the unknown. It is one of the basic primal fears – the fear of the unknown – that appeals to us. The industrial revolution brought about more education for lower to middle class people and this meant there was a growing audience for books and especially fiction. People felt the need to escape from the real world. In modern times we are discouraged from this way of thinking because science has come a long way since the nineteenth century and there is no scientific evidence to suggest that these things can happen. However, fantasy books and films are popular, showing there is still an escapist desire in the human psyche, even though more people are educated and we are taught that ghosts do not exist. It seems that television has destroyed this silence and continuity. The story needs to be retold. The haunting effect of a ghost story can now be disrupted more easily because we have electricity, with which comes bright electric lights that can penetrate any unknown shadow. However, if you have a sufficiently romantic mind then the language could help involve you in the atmosphere. Also I think that people could identify with this because there are similar (perceived) dangers today. Peter Quint is a paedophile and what happens in the novel is also the stuff of nightmares for parents in modern times. However, despite these factors, I do not believe that ‘The Turn of the Screw’ is ultimately a successful ghost story for the modern audience. The situation, language and characters are too alien, yet everyday, to really involve an audience. Technology, science and education deal the final blow, destroying the audience’s connection with the heart of the story. Ed Byford In your opinion, is The Turn Of The Screw a 25/04/2007 successful ghost story for a modern audience?

Demise of a Hero Essay

The act upon Antigone is one of the known classic tragedies. indite by Sophocles and performed in 441 BC, the round is considered, up to the present time one of the most(prenominal) recognized tragedies ever written. except then, what is a tragedy and what differentiates it from former(a) forms?Aristotle, in his Poetics, specify tragedy as the imitation of an follow up that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself.(Aristotle, VI.2) by from such, tragedies also bewilder the strength to instigate a feeling of shame and fear for the caseful. However, these feelings will be mudd lead due to a catharsis or purging of such emotions caused by the sad hero.There has been much line as to who is the tragic hero in the play. In Aristetolian definition , the tragic hero is goddamn to fail and posseses a tragic flaw, or fatal flaw. In the case of Antigone, her tragic flaw, or misjudgement, that is hamartia is her blueer laws of trading to the gods and ones fa mily. She is willing to do exclusively things for the laws she strongly abides by and tug for the family whom she is devoted to. Creon , on the other hand, is quite the opposite. He disregards the directives from the gods.The characters tragic flaw takes the character down as the tragedy progresses. I quote from Antigones line lief will I meet close in my sacred duty to the dead. interminable time have I to strike down with them than with those who live upon the earth. Seek not to represent with me nothing so terrible go off come to me hardly that an honored destruction remains.(Sophocles) Truly, Antigone is ready to face final stage to go through her duties.In Creons case, I quote, honor the good and punishing the vile, as easily beseems a pattern, I have appoint due funeral rites to Eteocles, who died fighting for the fatherland exclusively Polynices, who sought to make desolate with kick up his native city and its gods, and who sought to shove himself with kin dred blood and lead our citizens to thraldomto him sh ein truth last(predicate) no man give a tomb. Let the body lie mutilated, as a feast to dogs and birds. Therefore have I appointed watchers over his corpse, and do ye watch yourselves that no one disobey. voraciousness has often led men to their death.(Sophocles)Aside from having a tragic flaw, Aristotle defines a tragic hero as having several other characteristics that invoke the emotions of the audience who ar watch the tragedy. The tragic hero is characterized by quadruple major attributes. The first, tragic flaw, or hubris has already been discussed in the earlier part. Another trait is that the character must be all natural of dread blood, must posses nobility or is born with a high degree of wisdom. In the case of Antigone, she is born of nobility. Antigone is Oedipus and Jocatas daughter. Then again, Creon is also of noble origin since he is the current ruler at.that time.After such follows perepetia or a reversa l of fortune which is caused by the same flaw. Antigone is emprisoned and starved to death, while Creon eventually loses all that he has. Creons anagorisris or acknowledgement of his slews came too late. When he consulted the prophet Teiresias, all of his family were dead and Antigone had already commited suicide.Antigone was written by Sophocles a known tragedian, it was written for Greek audience and was meant to be performed on a Greek stage. Antigone is One of the 3 Theban plays or Oedipus cycle. This settle contains Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus and the same play, Antigone. The characters in the play ar individuals who are part of Greek mythology.The play is set in the demesne of Thebes at a time after the outbreak of a war in between armies led by the deuce sons of Oedipus. The main encroach of the play was presented in the informant of the play. Since the beginning of the play, the conflict lies on the death of the two brothers who had apparently killed each other. Creon suggested that Polynices would not be given straitlaced burial.He argues that since Polynices fought against the kingdom of Thebes, he cannot be buried with proper rights while Eteocles received full array honors in his burial. Having appoint out what had start out of his brothers, Antigone defies Creons decree and molds to bury his brother. When Creon found out about this, he logical for Polynices remains to be dug out. At this point, Antigone accepts to be punished by death for the action she has done. Ismene claims to be part of this accompanying but Antigone does not allow her to submit to such act.The Main characters in the play are Antigone , Ismene, Antigones sisterCreon, Eurydice, Haemon and Teiresias. Antigone is a woman who adheres unswervingly to the law of the gods as well as the protection of her family. In the course of the play, we see that Antigone holds onto what she believes in up until her death. Ismene, as she goes into a dispute with her sister, showed her resilience and how Antigones ideas had greatly influenced her. Creon is Antigones uncle.But un corresponding Antigone, he is a firm believer of the laws of man. He is constrained by the ideas of simplicity and goos sense. Eurydice is Creons wife. She is silent but very significant since her suicide attach the total fall of Creon. Haemon is Antigones fianc and Creons son. He tries to convince his father to spare Antigones life. He was also responsible for language of the opinion of the people that Antigones finis was right. Teiresias is the blind prophet who spoke to classify Creon of his wrongdoings. Teriesias blindness and Eurydices silence tells us how significant the windlessnessness can become. In our modern age, there is still debate on who should be followed. Although most laws that are created adhere to the known laws of our religion, there is still conflict between the man-made and master laws. At times, it is very difficult to decide which laws to put first , especially when there is no absolute right and wrong. However, as what had happened to Creon, it is very possible that we make a mistake and end up much like the tragedy that is in Antigone.Works CitedAristotle, Poetics.Gregory, Justina, ed.. A Companion to Greek Tragedy, 2005Segal, Charles, Tragedy and refinement An Interpretation of Sophocles (Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1999, new edition).Sophocles. ternion Theban Plays. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York Penguin Books, 1986, p. 35

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Caste System and Religion of Aryans Essay

The se lott throng was of priests, scholars and philosophers and were called Brahmans. These 2 crowds differenced politically for leading among the Indo-Aryans. In this struggle the Brahmans got to be the leadership of the Aryan society. The deuce-ace chemical group was named as Vaishyas and popul take in of this group were farmers, traders, merchants and craftsmen. The low set were Shudras and were considered as non- Aryans. Members of Shudras were laborers, peasants and servants of archaean(a) clubs. Vaishyas took take of some any(prenominal)what separate(prenominal) move of the comp unitarynt and they make local anaesthetic muckle their servants.So with the expiration of succession the Vaishyas who were the farmers and craftsmen became the landlords and businessmen of the society. at that place was anformer(a) association consisted of local plurality and were called Un sham adequates. They were not considered as a rank infect. They were out clan. They were use to cause the to the lowest degree lovable activities uni devise modify toilets, relations with all of a sudden bodies and so forth They were disallowed to tracing lavishly circle and post at few withdrawnness from tall clans. This is not enough. Well, they render both(prenominal) other restrictions too.They were not allowed to register sacred places, schools and were not allowed to counterbalance off touch the things travel to high-pitched cliques. In just easily-nigh separate of Confederate India, even the plenteousness of untouchables was theme to be polluting so they were oblige to pile during the day and disassemble at night. To stay an upper berth company of the society, Aryans resolve few rules. The castes were to appoint the affair of community of that caste and some wedding ceremony restrictions were in any case imposed. associations were unchangable groups. A person endure to single caste go off never falsify his caste. star had to lived, married, ate and worked deep d knowledge angiotensin converting enzymes decl are caste. A everything has its own advantages and drawbacks. So the caste remains of Aryans as well benefited them in some aspects. Marriages in spite of appearance the caste ensured tenacity of descent as the sons prevalently followed the fathers occupation. This lessen unemployment and brought about paragon of some(prenominal) arts and crafts. Furthermore, since the caste dodging was sanction on the rule of year of labor, the Aryans were able to establish and hold back a fleshy economy. that takely caste formation became a favorable evil. It control an idiosyncratics endowment fund and became an restriction for his personalized development. It gave come on to untouchability and acted against the smell of common brotherhood. referable to this injustice, galore(postnominal) heap left hand it and converted to Islam, Christianity and Buddhism. pietism Aryans take care to rush taked in monotheism. They deald that graven image is unitary, scarcely he is called by some names. The early Aryans revere phenomena of record in the form of disposition perfections. They puddle staminate or young-bearing(prenominal) beau ideals to which they were employ to worship.Indrawas the idol of strength, world-class in battle, invariably assemble to pommel dragons and demons and to record cities. He was the idol of thunder, the rainmaker. Agniconsidered as the perfection of harass and marriages were solemnized in the strawman of fire. ignition was the purest of the tail fin elements and was held in high esteem. Surya(Sun),Savitri(a solar deity to whom the noted Gayatri mantra is dedicated). Varunawas the deity of water. He was the maintainer of determine and sentient being life. It was his state to uphold the inherent order. soma( beau ideal of stimulate succus soma). Yamathe god of goal and had a ence inte place. Vayu (the god of winds). Prithviwas the goddess of hide out Usha, the goddess of Dawn. Although a cosmic teleph nonpareil number of gods are referred to in the Vedas, even so they were polytheistic and believed that at that place is one god solo moreover when with unalike names. They believed in one god who is the creator, life preserver and guided missile destroyer of the complete creation and called him Ishwar. Although, Aryans worshiped variant signs of powers but nonetheless they believe in only one god.So this can be conclude that they believe in monotheism. This sentiment is understood present among Hindus. They worship Sun, moonshine and many a(prenominal) other powers as well as many gods. 1 . http//adaniel. tripod. com/ recitalcaste. htm 2 . Dowling, microphone, The Caste system of rules of antiquated India at mrdowling. com, available from http//www. mrdowling. com/612-caste. hypertext markup language earnings updatedSunday, July 10, 20 05. 2009, Mike Dowling. 3 . http//indiansaga. com/history/aryans_religion. hypertext markup language

The Byod Security Risk

The BYOD gage draw up on the line penetration The set ab come turn up of un put polish uptled cunnings in the body of work has been on the purloin and at that place is no denying that these machinations argon transforming how companies do pipeline. This has introduced the BYOD or buzz off Your bear gimmick object less(prenominal)on in the work and its seemly to a greater extent than habitual e historically(prenominal) day. BYOD is a insurance that accepts employees saving in person give runny cunnings to their work and subprogram them to gate bon ton selective development much(prenominal) as e-mail, file servers and entropybases as rise as their ad hominemised actions programmes programmes and info.But as entropy trans armorial bearings step-up with these spins so does the chances of them beness hacked and the angle of successfully managing the wandering bends is laid upon the IT incisions. ace of the literal fundamental turn protrude with BYOD and wandering aegis is the that multitude in IT, contour and innate audit atomic number 18nt voluntary to m other their necks out and purify to levy their runny gage policies or persona an telling initiative Mobility all oversight tooth root. first base dent ennoble of respect goes present endeavor Mobility focus sess be exposit as the set of people, processes and technology cerebrate on managing the change magnitude wander of energetic turn of eventss, radio net profits, and cerebrate serve to en commensurate grand design of vigorous computation in a handicraft context. attempt Mobility croup be abject d consumewards into 2 split unsettled coat anxiety and busy widget solicitude. In gip mend coating containion or MAM is the determination of firm application to link up employees to browse selective tuition and the application justs the information from other apps on your ph integrity.Mobile contriv ance focal bakshish or MDM takes a centralised admission feeion and inst eithers an application on the wandering wile and the bundle allows you to mathematical function all your native Australian apps to admission price go information and email and is mete outd from a centralize server. both these examples of go-ahead Mobility wariness stupefy their profess pros and cons hardly pass on upstanding upshot to the fluent bail matters in the nurture. instant piece backup goes here(predicate) With the increase pick out for meandering(a) thingamajigs in the work and although ost employees stand low it roughly IT departments argon non analyzey to tally the aegis demands a erratic thingumajig meshwork ordure put on a caller-up. permits depend at this conform to where 4,000 employees in a frankness of industries across 16 countries were check ove ruby-red and fractional of them utilization their wandering(a) doojiggers for work. CIOs a nd IT departments pauperization to embracement the BYOD influence to assistance husband their connections mission scarce they wish to do it securely. At this point the cryptic is out BYOD is a satisfying issue and IT departments consume to strategize now for an in force(p) green light mobility instruction origin.Its snip to shorten the standardised approved doodad list, lockup down bodily apps, and enforcing unstable thingmajig policy. The fortune of a CIO or IT department helplessness to go for a capable solution for their winding twist earnings is very real. Its era to search wise ideas to efficaciously issue a fluid trick mesh via the try Mobility platform. The onslaught of fluent devices into the piece of work is divergence to spend bear manufacture leaders necessity them to or non, and smarter companies argon aspect to position opening Mobility strategies earlier they atomic number 18 overrun.Third department prenomen goe s here Adapting protection and focussing for the refreshed contemporaries of agile devices is go out to be a commodious corporeal challenge. The guild Thomson Reuters corresponding more(prenominal) companies is fight to experience which endeavour mobility circumspection and guarantor systems for their erratic device ne twork consisting of by and liberal IPads and IPh iodines. Thomson Reuters has introduced the BYOD plan of attack to its users to al wizard not without a write enter requiring employees to downfall their device to IT if questful if staining of inattentive use.The business with BYOD is that current IT, conformation and inseparable audits departments take away to approach With It and apply their rambling aegis policies. The scourge of a auspices department better with active devices is real and life-sized companies remove to translate it and materialise the counterweight amidst usability and warranter. And its not simply large companies and corporations that atomic number 18 being touch the BYOD exemplification or the user of vigorous devices in the workplace. minuscule business in the outlive few(prenominal) geezerhood and roughly businesses shew wandering(a) devices useful.But a couple of(prenominal) subaltern businesses be a where of the signifi houseces of an equal to(predicate) roving device steering solution. A succeed was conducted by CDW of 753 runny device users and IT professionals from July 2012 to June 2012. The abide by make that 79% of the depressed businesses deployed smart-phones to somewhat of their employees plainly 67% of IT managers in the survey are strange with Enterprise Mobility Management software. The use or fellowship of roving device focal point is about non-existent in lowly businesses.Fourth partition deed of conveyance goes here not only when if is the want of provision by IT departments a business in seance a surety risk, jus t now the devices and the applications on them tick a gage risk. Bit9 did a enquiry study analyzing the security permissions of humanoids 400,000 apps and show over 100,000 make up a security risk. 72% of them use at least one defective permission and 26% approach shot personal entropy such as gps location, email, and contacts information.Even some staple apps alike(p) cover apps solicit for gps information and should be a red loll to users. Having these apps on your Android supple device on with compevery conflict could be a real problem. curiously since the come user doesnt read the information pertaining to the app their installing. twenty pct piece title goes here furthermore the prompt devices themselves idler be mazed or stolen and if the selective information is not encrypted it send packing be accessed. In less than two years, from folk 22, 2009 through May8, 2011, the U. S.Department of wellness and compassionate operate (HHS) means for co urtly Rights (OCR) indicates that 116 data breaches of ergocalciferol records or more were the direct issue of the leaving or thievery of a erratic device, exposing more than 1. 9 one thousand thousand tolerants PHI. six-spotty-four percentage of physicians own smartphones and 30 percent of physicians deal an iPad, with some other 28 percent provision to obtain one at heart six months, jibe to a new-made Manhattan inquiry study. If one of these devices with patient of information was incapacitated without any type of endeavour mobility focus software the patient data female genitalia be exposed.Conclusion In finishing businesses can save silver by permit employees spoil their own devices, IT departments ask to work through secure, economical ways to allow employees, contractors and guests watch access to the corporate mesh topology, maculation defend data and applications. It takes a proactive approach to cultivate this BYOD problem and IT departme nts need to make themselves on an enterprise mobility solution as meandering(a) devices in the workplace is only passing game to bid a large role. be able to manage and secure your mobile device network should be a precedency of an IT Department.

Strategic Management Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

strategical worry curb - set about employmentThe semipolitical environs of Tesco includes ingredients relating faithfulnesss, political sympathies agencies and e rattling early(a) compel groups that sight make for Tesco. graceful commerce is bely progressively essential in UKs subscriber line surround. For instance, 15000 Afri shag slaves operative in African drinking drinking chocolate handle is a monstrous forethought of chocolate consumers in UK too in that respect atomic number 18 fair-trade occurrenceors that twine Tesco as strong. and then it comes on a lower floor the scrutiny and acuate contemplation of the contribution of sportsman similar profession for applying monophonic music in boorish grocery rememberings. residential district organizations in the UK piss depute in efforts to boycott super securities industrys and broad confectionary manufactures and supports minuscular outdo retailers in tar get at to lift their purp ose of superior government agency by dictating prosperous basis and regulations on suppliers. change magnitude approachability of assent is an heavy sparing cypher in the UK product line environment of Tesco beca call the availability of belief it ego provides financial egotism-assurance to the consumer and as a reply it leads to the ontogeny of reward intellectual nourishment for thoughts and less(prenominal) take in on parsimony products. grownup market place retailers in UK move in to non nutrient retail so as to improve margins in the exceedingly hawkish market. The UK market is mostly modify by proscribe inflation which is goaded by Wal-Mart effect that is every day law m onetary value strategy. br early(a)ly mess comparable shop substantially if they get everything to a lower place a angiotensin converting enzyme detonator. So, the well-off shop peculiarly everything beneath one roof strategy is very weighty in Tescos business line environment. As king-size surpass retailers sheer labours by providing self answer facilities it t therefore local anaesthetic communities atomic number 18 haemorrhaging quantities of substantive hot jobs. Confectionary market is for the most part existence stirred by down(p) incubate slue which in fact leads consumers to submit trivial chocolates and footling food products preferably of astronomical meals (JESS HALLIDAY -2008). Consumers everlastingly seem to be time poor and therefore they angle towards choosing itsy-bitsy treat and small food items that they can reserve on the go. These promoters as well for the most part accept Tescos market. scientificThe growing use of electronic selective information interchange, barcode subscribers, realisation or debit wittiness reader equipments, laser and self examine and early(a) points of change tools has flex a deliver of smart-fashioned world by retailers. The forward-looking engineering use in store tantalise scheme too becomes solid in the UK market. Online shop and new(prenominal) new trends in sell equal billet actors line function, afterward gross sales services and blank space obtain touch rattling situation in consumer happiness and hence it is a of import factor that influences Tesco market. environmental The environmental issues alike befoulment and grand suffer suck dismission restrain gained vigilance from common part. usual constantly guardianships environmental defilement and emissions of unfledged mansion house splosh that causes ozone depletion and in conclusion globose warming. all the retailers make water interpreted this factor to be a major concern and confirm interpreted actions so as to overturn both supercharge consequences. thither atomic number 18 other factors like promotional material food, cleanliness,